Transverse maxillary deficiency is a common skeletal condition observed during adolescence and is of - ten associated with occlusal and functional disturbances. Orthopedic maxillary expansion represents an effective treatment modality during the growth period, allowing skeletal correction and functi…

Despite being a common orthodontic treatment procedure, permanent tooth extraction remains a contentious issue due to its potential functional and aesthetic effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate, through a literature review, the aesthetic and functional outcomes of orthodontic treatments wit…