The economic structure of the Gazi Ali Bey neighborhood in the town of Vushtrri in the mid-19th century
The economic structure of the Gazi Ali Bey neighborhood in 1845 presents a diverse array of professions and income sources that had a profound impact on the life and stability of the community. Drawing from the Temettuat Defter of 1845 (ML.VRD.TMT.d.15477) and various historical sources, the study categorizes primary income streams—including crafts, trade, rentals, and security services—as key contributors to economic growth in the neighborhood. A particular emphasis is placed on the revenues generated from agricultural lands and pastures, underscoring the essential role of agrarian economics in sustaining the daily life and well-being of the local population. This rich economic diversity across sectors helped maintain socio-economic stability, allowing the Gazi Ali Bey neighborhood to remain resilient and adaptable amid the shifting conditions of mid-19th century Vushtrri.
Livestock in the town of Vushtrri in the year 1261 a.h. (1845)
Livestock in the town of Vushtrri is a scholarly study that examines the economic and social structure of the Ottoman period from a historical viewpoint. The paper focuses on identifying the connections between livestock, social, and economic structures using the Temettuat Defter of 1845, which is housed at the Ottoman Archive under fund number ML.VRD.TMT.d.15477. The purpose of this research is to examine and assess the potential, variety, and economic sustainability of this industry and society in the town of Vushtrri, as well as its influence on local commerce and inhabitants' well-being, analyzing livestock type, quantity, distribution, and income. Furthermore, the study of the time's taxation system and demographic analysis of the Vushtrria people gives a thorough understanding of the interaction between the livestock industry and the community structure, emphasizing the challenges and importance of interpreting historical data. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive summary of the role of livestock in the region's historical development, highlighting the intricate linkages between the economy, society, and demographics in this particular historical context. This research presents an in-depth study of livestock and the socioeconomic setting in the town of Vushtrri, portraying a complete picture of Ottoman social and economic processes.
Analizë e defterit të xhizjes në Vushtrri h.1258 (1842)
Xhizja ( جِزْيَة ) është një taksë vjetore për kokë
banori e vendosur historikisht në formën e tarifës financiare për jomyslimanët.
Taksa e xhizjes është një tarifë për ta mbrojtur, garantuar sigurinë e
jetës, pronën, praktikimin e një besimi tjetër si dhe përjashtimin nga shërbimi
ushtarak për jomyslimanët. Defterët e xhizjes zënë një vend të
rëndësishëm ndër burimet e të ardhurave të Perandorisë Osmane, ndërsa si
të tillë japin informacion të rëndësishëm dhe janë burime referimi për studimet
historike osmane. Në këtë studim është bërë prezantimi dhe vlerësimi
i regjistrit të xhizjes që i përket Kazasë se Vushtrrisë me rrethinë. Defteri me
numër kodi ML.VRD.CMH.d. 00049, përmban informacione të rëndësishme
socio-ekonomike për nënshtetasit jomyslimanë që banonin në rrethet
e Vushtrrisë gjatë vitit 1258 H. (1842). Qëllimi i këtij studimi është të vlerësohet
struktura demografike dhe pozicionimi hapësinor i jomyslimanëve në
Vushtrri në vitin 1842, si dhe statusi i tyre klasor përmes kategorive të
taksave që paguanin.
Modernizing reforms in the Ottoman Empire according to world historiography (1789–1839)
States have restructured themselves throughout history to fulfill the demands of the period while also ensuring their survival. Restructuring movements were unavoidable even for the Ottoman Empire, particularly during the 19th century. As a result, clarifying the history of the Ottoman Empire's modernizing initiatives has taken center stage in world listo- riography. In this research, we intend to analyze main points of view in world history, related to Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire. The study focuses on prior pre-Tanzimatist initiatives to reorganize and modernize the Ottoman Empire, beginning with Sultan Selim III's re- forms until Sultan Mahmut II's reforms between 1789 and 1839. The Ottoman Empire was significantly reformed by these two innovative sultans, who took full advantage of Western experts. From 1789 moder- nizing changes began to affect social life, extending beyond the military and technological fields. With the Tanzimat era, the Ottoman Empire began transitioning from a medieval state system to a modern state sys- tem, but it should be noted that the turning point in the history of Ottoman Empire was precisely the reforms of the period 1789 - 1839. Through this paper, among other things, we will learn the opinions of world historians on High Port's modernization measures. As a result, by acknowledging these improvements, we will gain a better understanding
of the events of 1839, the year the Tanzimat edict was announced.