The impact of ChatGPT use on students: advantages and challenges
In the era of digitalization, artificial intelligence (AI) is significantly transforming the way of learning in upper secondary education. This study examines the potential impact of AI, focusing on ChatGPT, on the learning experience of students aged 14-15. Emphasis is placed on balancing the benefits and challenges of integrating AI in education by analyzing its influence on learning outcomes, the development of critical thinking, and the preservation of academic ethics. The methodological approach for collecting quantitative data was carried out through questionnaires (N = 150) with students, as well as a qualitative approach through interviews with teachers (N = 34). Students report noticeable benefits from using AI, such as improving writing skills, enriching vocabulary, and supporting text comprehension. However, they also highlight challenges such as technology dependency, information inaccuracies, and the impact on the ability to think independently. Teachers express concerns regarding the authenticity of students’ work and the loss of critical thinking, calling for clearer policies and guidelines for the ethical and effective use of AI. The study underlines the need for digital education and teacher training so that the use of technology supports the development of independent learning skills rather than dependency on it. Findings suggest that, if used consciously and under continuous monitoring, ChatGPT can significantly enhance the quality of learning while preserving academic integrity and critical thinking. It is recommended to draft educational policies that include ethical guidelines, training, and sustainable supervision for the full and responsible integration of artificial intelligence in upper secondary education.